High school dropouts: proposal Essay

This research seeks to answer the question of the influence that dropping out of high school has on a person’s tendency toward crime. Studies have shown that most persons who do not have a high school diploma are at an economic disadvantage compared to those who have finished high school. It has also been shown that many prisons have a high concentration of members who have not finished high school. This study will take questions to a group of inmates at a local prison as well as a group of high school students in the same area. It will use questionnaires that contain items which attempt to probe issues concerning the criminal exposure of inmates during and after high school as well as that of current high school students. The results will be analyzed and correlated using graphs and charts in order to shed light on the influence that the lack of a high school diploma has on criminal activity. Introduction Several reasons have been cited by researchers to explain why students decide to drop out of high school. One of these reasons is a lack of adequate early-childhood preparation (Reynolds et al. , 2001). Children who receive inadequate educational preparation in the early stages of their lives often find it difficult to grasp the concepts being taught at the high school levels. These children might also not have had proper exposure to the types of behaviors and study habits necessary for success in high school. These, and other problems associated with them, often lead to an inability to cope with the demands of the educational environment (2001). Lack of adequate financial support also plays a part in causing students to drop out of school (Ingrum, 2006; Reynolds et al., 2001). It is often the case that students are unable to access the materials necessary for success in school due to lack of funds. Furthermore, poverty often drives students to seek jobs (or even less honorable ways of earning money) before their high school education officially ends. This often has also to do with a lack of appropriate emotional and family support, which often ebbs when finances are low. Furthermore, some parents of these students have hardly attained high school diplomas themselves and are therefore incapable of assisting these children with assignments (Sum et al., 2003). Finally a lack of intellectual aptitude, which manifests in the form of learning disabilities, has been cited as having a significant part to play in prompting students to drop out of school (Ingrum, 2006). Schools are largely accommodating to those persons of average intelligence who have little or no endogenous difficulties learning. These students often find it particularly difficult to perform even the fundamental functions of education, such as reading and simple arithmetic. Many who do drop out are disadvantaged compared to their counterparts who possess diplomas. These people are more likely to be unemployed, as employers for substantial and adequately paying jobs generally seek high school graduates. These persons are also more likely to be underemployed, as it is often difficult to find full time positions that seek to employ persons who have not completed high school. Because of these previously mentioned effects, high school dropouts are also more likely to be on welfare, and it has also been demonstrated that these persons are more likely to be incarcerated (Lochner & Moretti, 2003). Many programs exist that center on the rehabilitation of dropouts because such persons are considered more likely to be desperate. The reality of being marginalized when it comes to eligibility for adequately paying jobs often drives persons toward feelings of low self worth and even toward such extreme measures as crime (Lochner & Moretti, 2003). It is often the case that persons who fall into this desperate category are those who have mental or physical challenges and who need the help of these programs (Ingrum, 2006). However, a large proportion of them are considered more likely to have emotional/behavioral problems, and it is quite often members of this group of dropouts that show up in prison populations (Lochner & Moretti, 2003). Such persons are considered a drain on the government for several reasons, one of which is lost revenue from taxes. Persons who have no high school diploma are usually able to command lower wages or salaries than those who have graduated. This lower wage translates to a lower portion of income tax payable to the government. Furthermore, these persons are often also on welfare, and the cost of these programs to the government increase with each person that benefits from it. The cost of prison programs is also significant to the government. Since, therefore, it is considered that the prison population contains a higher concentration of dropouts than the general population (Lochner & Moretti, 2003), it might be seen that high school dropouts contribute more on average to the drain on the government due to prison programs than do members of the general population. Hypothesis Lack of education as demonstrated by dropping out of high-school leads to an increased likelihood of criminal arrests in young people. Methodology: variables and instrumentation The main instrument that will be used in this study is the questionnaire. This will be administered to 130 prison inmates from (NAME OF PRISON) in (NAME OF CITY & STATE) and 130 students of a high school in the same neighborhood. The questionnaire given to the inmates will consist of approximately 25-30 items that will deal with the level of high school education attained and arrests suffered by the inmate. The participants will be given choices regarding their schooling, ranging from below eighth grade level (< 8) to below twelfth grade level (< 12). They will also be given a chance to indicate whether high school diplomas were received by the time they reached 18 years of age or after 18 years. The questionnaire will also contain items that deal with the inmates’ criminal history. Items will attempt to elicit information concerning the number of arrests participants have experienced. It will also distinguish between number of arrests and number of convictions. Participants will also provide information regarding the number of juvenile arrests and convictions they have had, as well as the length of the sentence(s) which they currently serve and/or have served in the past. The questionnaires for the students will include items concerning the students’ career goals, role models, access to homework help, and the difficulty of specific core classes or skills (Mathematics, English, and Reading). They will be asked to give their GPA’s. The students will also be asked questions about those they know who have dropped out of school. They will be asked how many of their friends or acquaintances dropped out in the different grades—ninth to twelfth, and ask to rate the degree to which these dropouts’ behaviors might be considered deviant. The students will also be asked whether they ever considered dropping out of school and whether they think they would. Finally, they will be asked questions concerning their exposure to weapons and people who commit crimes. The responses to the questions for both groups will all be presented on a Likert scale ranging from â€Å"strongly agree† to â€Å"strongly disagree. † Interviews will also be sought with two or three of these inmates. The possibility of conducting an interview via the internet (instant messaging or voice programs) or via phone will be investigated. The interview questions will be more open ended, but will tend toward eliciting information concerning the inmates’ views on how they consider their lack of a high school diploma to have influenced their current situation. No interviews will be sought with the students.

Staffing Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Staffing Organizations - Essay Example Initial Phase Promotion It is concerned with the shifting of one employee to a higher rank, status, facilities and income (Bennett, 2002). Second Phase Recruitment Process (External) Stage /Phase Advertisement The usual method of the management is to advertise about the job vacancy models for a higher and junior level post. The advertisement is usually published in the newspapers, magazines, periodicals, journals etc (Kot & Leat, 2008). Initial Phase Internet Recruitment One of the most innovative methods of recruitment would be when the company posts their job vacancies in their official websites or through online recruitment agencies. These online agencies match their requirements with the potential of the candidate. Second Phase Educational Institutions Campus recruitment is one of the newest methods of recruitment where the management recruits through the veracious reputed educational institutions. Third Phase 1. Communication Message for Applicants The coffee shop would be hirin g candidates for the position of the financial accountant, point of sale system and servers. The suitable communication message for the recruitment procedure of the coffee shop would be as follows: Job Description Engaged in analysis of the financial accounts. Responsible for collection cash at the point of sale systems Desired Profile Should have proper numerical knowledge and communication skills. Should have excellent communication and interpersonal skills. Experience 0-2 Years Role Accounts Education Graduate in any discipline Compensation $17500 Per Annum Location Maryland, Chicago and Texas Functional Area Accounts, Retail and Business Development Job Description Servers Desired Profile Candidate with excellent communication skills in English and good interpersonal skills Experience 1-2 Years Role Human resource Management Education Graduate Skills Compensation $ 200000 Per Annum Location Chicago, Texas , California, New York Functional Area Human Resource Management 2. Commun ication Medium for Recruitment Procedure Although, there are various types of communication methods for recruitment procedure the fundamental communication medium required in this context would be the combination of physical and mechanical media. Physical media like department and excusive meetings would be helpful in case of internal recruitment in the coffee shop. Departmental meetings among all the branches would be held which would focus on communicating about the various vacancies in the company. This is one of the most important communication medium which helps in the dissemination of recruitment message clearly. Physical media would be used only in the case of internal recruitment procedure. Mechanical media encompasses email, weekly letters, personal letters and other social media websites. These communication medium would be used for communicating about the vacancies in the organization and also facilitate the recruitment procedure smoothly (Langenegger, Mahler & Staffelbac h, 2010). These medium would be used for both internal and external recruitment methods. Each of these communication medium have different impact, like email and social media webs

Organization and Management of a Health Care Facility Research Paper

Organization and Management of a Health Care Facility - Research Paper Example Under the chief of operating officer and the chief of financial officer is their various administrative staff that is considered the subordinates in the health care facility and the lowest in the organizational structure. Under the chief of medical staff is various departmental heads in charge of the different health related departments. They include the head of surgery, head of trauma, head of palliative care and head of pediatrics. Under each of these departmental heads are the staffs which include the nurses and physicians (Daniels and Ramey, 2005). The Chief Executive Officer is the hospital head in charge of all the staff in the hospital. He is also the administrative head who liaises with various chief heads to find the way forward for the health care facility. He receives advice from the rest of the chiefs and heads of departments and then makes the final decisions. He also gives authorization of budgets, people to hire and fire as well as other types of authorizations. He is the chair of the disciplinary committee which is composed of all chiefs and heads of departments (Garber, Gross and Slonim, 2010). The chief information management officer is in charge of the staffing issues in the hospital. His role is similar to that of a human resource manager and legal officer all combined in one concerned with all staffing affairs from hiring to firing and other staffing issues that may arise in the health care facility. He is also in charge of tracking of the professional certificates, tracking and handling any legal issue in the facility as well as provides monthly reports to the chief executive officer on the general functioning of the hospital (Dewan, Luo and Lorenzi, 2010). The chief financial officer is in charge of all the financial details and records in the health care facility starting from budgets, preparing and disbursing salaries and wages, handling payments from patients and purchase of

Adult education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adult education - Assignment Example The adult learner shall have developed a different perspective to learning and shall have garnered skills and experience from social and professional interactions. Based on the differences between adult and initial education, special challenges exist that face adult learners and formal policies towards learning strategies are necessary for efficient adult learning. This paper explores the scope of adult learning and its associated challenges and strategies with the aim of recommending a suitable strategy to the Office of Vocational and Adult Education for policy development. This aims at improving benefits of adult education to learners. Adult education: special needs Dynamism of adult learning over the past decades identifies the need for periodic changes in the scope of adult education that offers diversified utility to learners such achieved transformation through self-reflection and development of new knowledge base. The learning process however needs to consider special needs am ong learners. A rich knowledge base has been developed on adult learning mechanism to facilitate identification and management of the needs. Unlike young learners in initial learning frameworks, adult learners are slow in conceptualization and knowledge development. This means longer time in a learning process and possible needs for empowerment to aid the speed of learning. The adults are however able to compensate for this weakness through their vast experience and through effective time management. Differences in visual potentials across age also identify special needs among adult learners. While human development occurs with age, vision begins to decline after the age of 18 year. The decline is gradual until the age of 40 at which the rate of decline increases and means age is a factor to needs among adult learners. Hearing potential also decline among adult learners though this occurs at late ages and hearing aids may be used to facilitate learning processes. Adults also report memory problems during their learning but the problem is less significant in contextual learning (Florida State University, n.d.). Assumptions of adult learning Basic assumptions to adults learning are another set of important factors, to adult education, that educators and policy makers need to consider for successful learning processes. Learners’ self-concept that changes with age explains a transition from nature of learning among young people in initial learning environments. A level of maturity is evident among adult learners who prefer a more independent approach to learning. There is change from dependence on learning environment to a self-reliant approach in which an adult learner is an independent and active party to the learning process. Understanding the shift in self-concept is important among educators because implementing a learning strategy that fails to recognize a learner’s desired level of independence may communicate oppression and compromise effecti veness of the learning process. Transitions across cognitive development stages supports validity of the change in self-concept at adult learning stage because each developmental stage marks increased learning potential that identifies learners abilities to learn on their own. The cognitive development theory supports independence potential by early adulthood and while level of learners’ required independence may vary across age, it is significant among adult learners (Florida State University, n.d.). Adult learning also holds the assumption of significance of learners’ experience that plays to major roles in education. Having interacted with social and professional environments, adult learners

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Nursing - Essay Example The Columbus campus is quite popular not just for its size but also for the range of its options for students of different background and needs. The Columbus campus is not the only campus of the Ohio State University. The specific University has been expanded across Ohio through ‘campuses in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, Wooster and Newark. Still, the Columbus campus is the most popular campus of the Ohio State University, a fact that it is highly related to the citation of the campus, at the heart of Columbus, Ohio. In terms of its performance in regard to medical studies and medical research, the Ohio State University can be characterized as quite successful. The College of Health Science and Nursing is built on the theoretical framework of Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring. Swanson outlines five unique caring processes: (1) maintaining belief, (2) knowing, (3) being with, (4) doing for, and (5) enabling (Parker & Smith, 2010). Swanson’s structure of the caring model shows the relationship among the five caring processes as overlapping elements. By adopting Swanson’s framework, the college shows its commitment to uplifting nursing as a caring profession, providing a first-class educational experience, and fostering quality patient care. The concept of caring is dynamic and is applicable to nursing practice, research, and education. As a leading educational institution, we are committed to redefining caring as a central concept in nursing, building professional relationships, developing clinical skills and knowledge, and encouraging career advancement. Nursing is providing holistic and culturally sensitive care and performing purposeful actions that lead to health restoration and the ability of the recipient to regain a sense of well-being. Nursing led interventions are implemented to achieve a desired positive outcome that promotes and/or assists individuals toward health-seeking

Reading and answer questions 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading and answer questions 5 - Assignment Example Following the submission, the court held the VII workplace act that protects employees from workplace discriminations. I agree with the case since human dignity hold at all costs. Moreover, persons of the same sex must not harass each other since such actions reduces the dignity of the harassed and they are against work ethics. Question 2 of 4: IN MEDINA RENE V. MGM GRAND, please paraphrase in your own words the following: (1) the facts of the case (2) the issue/question presented; (3) the holding/conclusion; (4) the reasoning; and (5) if you agree or not with the case, why or why not? RENE V. MGM GRAND presented the question whether the accused should be charged under the under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C.  §Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬â€š2000e et seq (Meiners, Ringleb, and Frances 182). The case before that court was that plaintiff’s coworkers harassed him based on his sexual orientation. The Supreme Court determined that the plaintiff was sexually harassed. This judgment was substantial in upholding the humanity at workplace and strengthening ethical conducts at workplace. Question 3 of 4: IN PROWEL V WISE, please paraphrase in your own words the following: (1) the facts of the case (2) the issue/question presented; (3) the holding/conclusion; (4) the reasoning; and (5) if you agree or not with the case, why or why not? This case was also a sexual harassment at workplace. It was a harassment was based subjected to a gay worker. The case was judged under Title VII; however, the standing attorney related it to sexual stereotyping. His workers called him princess while the church called him sinner. Despite the sexual harassments, the court dismissed Prowel’s case (Anzalone 142). This judgment was not appropriate since it was a means of encouraging stereotyping of homosexuality in the society. Schultz’s work dwells on the sexual harassment at work place and the environments that may facilitate such harassments (Gould 166).

Confucian In Japan Essay Example for Free

Confucian In Japan Essay It is fundamental that anyone that wants to understand the Japanese understand their way of life, their cultural roots. To be Japanese is to be Confucian. In Japan, there is an order and a structure to every aspect of life from older brother to younger brother on up to emperor and military. There is a Confucian saying, a code of conduct that they live and die by. â€Å"Only when things are investigated is knowledge extended; only when knowledge is extended are thoughts sincere; only when thoughts are sincere are minds rectified; only where minds are rectified are the characters of persons cultivated; only when character is cultivated are families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed; only when states are well governed is there peace in the world† (Neo, â€Å"The Confucian Ethics of Raise the Red Lantern,† par. 1). Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor was strategic let me explain why and how. The rise of militarism in Japan wasn’t just sparked by the imperialist West. Japan has a long history of militarist behaviors and relationships internally and externally. Japan’s foundations in Confucianism exemplify their loyalty to master. This loyalty is first and foremost because, according to Confucius, the emperor is a mandate of heaven, hence, deifying the emperor. Militarism in Japan began to show itself during the Yamamoto period and has continued to grow throughout time. Military structure can be seen through the samurai class and the emergence of the shogun. Japan had almost a 300 year period of time where they remained closed. No one was allowed to leave and no one was allowed to enter. During this time, there weren’t any wars internally or externally. The West re-opened Japan as a stopping point for trade with China. The re-opening of Japan would ultimately be the beginning of hostility between Japan and the West. For some time after Japan had to modernize so that they could keep up with the West and be considered a world contender. â€Å"The Meiji Restoration ultimately revolutionized Japan. Within three years the new government had abolished the domain, erased hereditary status distinctions, and allowed people to change their occupations and move about the country. Ironically for a government that owed its origins to the movement to revere the emperor and expel the barbarians, it invited foreigners to educate Japanese in things Western and launched a drive to bring modern industry and a modern military to Japan† (Walthall 44). During Japan’s modernization and fight for supremacy, the West issued them unequal treaties for their military. The West did this several times. This decision would prove to be fatal for the West. In September 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. â€Å"Germany insisted that any alliance would have to be directed against the United States and Britain† (Craig 123). Germany ultimately betrayed Japan and in an act of desperation, Japan attacked the United States. When you consider Japan’s deep roots in Confucianism and their desire for supremacy, ethnically and militarily, it is easy to understand their disdain for the West. Japan knew that they had to learn from the West, emulate what they do as seen during the Meiji Restoration, in order to defeat them. Japan had the ability to take what the West taught and make it better. If you think about it, it was a brilliant plan. Japan’s only downfall was that their military was to spread out between China and the United States. Had they actually not been, we might actually live in a very different world. To say that the attack on Pearl Harbor was merely a tactical move completely underestimates the Japanese. It is a foolish way to think and discredits their history. Japan has a history that the West can draw from. It’s like comparing an old wise person to a young person. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a strategic move, one that failed, but strategic indeed. Walthall, Anne. Modern Japan. United States of America: Scholarly Resources Inc. , 2002. Craig, Albert M. The Heritage of Japanese Civilization. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2003. Neo, David. â€Å"The Confucian Ethics of Raise the Red Lantern. † Senses of Cinema. August 2004. 18 March 2009 http://archive. sensesofcinema. com/contents/cteq/04/33/raise_red_lantern. html.